EV TECHNICIAN TRAINING
EV Basics & Power Flow
Battery se motor tak power ka rasta aur EV ke main parts — aasan bhasha me.
What You Will Learn
Is module me aap electric 2-wheeler ke main parts, unka kaam aur battery se pahiye tak power flow samjhenge. Koi bhi fault dhundhne se pehle power flow samajhna zaroori hai.
1
Gaadi me Power ka Rasta
Battery se pahiye tak power kaise jaati hai
Battery gaadi ko main DC power deti hai.
Battery ki power pehle main Fuse ya MCB se hokar aage jaati hai.
Chaabi ya Key Switch gaadi ke system ko ON karne ka signal deta hai.
Controller battery ki power ko motor chalane ke liye control karta hai.
Throttle se pata chalta hai ki rider kitni power maang raha hai.
BLDC Motor bijli ko pahiya ghumane ki taakat me badalti hai.
DC-DC Converter battery ki high voltage ko low voltage me badalkar horn, light aur indicator jaise accessories chala sakta hai.
Practical Tip:
Fault dhundhte waqt power flow ko order me dekhein: Battery -> Fuse/MCB -> Key/Control -> Controller -> Motor.
2
EV ke Main Parts
Har part pehchanein aur uska kaam samjhein
Battery Pack: gaadi ko main power deta hai.
BMS: Lithium battery ke andar ka safety system, jo battery ki suraksha karta hai.
Controller: motor chalane aur uski power control karne ka main hissa.
BLDC Hub Motor: pahiya ghumane wali motor.
Throttle: rider ki speed/power ki demand controller tak bhejta hai.
Brake Cut-off: brake lagane par motor ki power rokne me madad karta hai.
Charger: ghar ki AC bijli ko battery ke liye sahi DC charging power me badalta hai.
DC-DC Converter: main battery voltage ko low voltage me badalta hai.
Display/Meter: speed, battery level aur kai gaadiyon me error bhi dikhata hai.
Fuse/MCB: zyada current ya short circuit se suraksha deta hai.
Practical Tip:
Koi bhi part badalne se pehle uska voltage, current aur connector zaroor dekhein.
3
48V, 60V aur 72V ka Matlab
Battery par likha voltage hamesha same nahi rehta
Battery par likha 48V, 60V ya 72V aam taur par uska nominal voltage hota hai.
Battery ka asli voltage full charge aur low charge par alag-alag hota hai.
Full charge voltage battery ki chemistry aur cell configuration par depend karta hai.
Jaise 13S NMC battery ka full charge voltage lagbhag 54.6V ho sakta hai.
16S LFP battery ka full charge voltage lagbhag 58.4V ho sakta hai.
Isliye sirf '60V battery' dekhkar charging voltage ka andaaza nahi lagana chahiye.
Practical Tip:
Battery ka label, charger ka label aur multimeter ki reading — teeno dekh kar faisla karein.
4
Series aur Parallel
Battery pack kaise banta hai
Series me cells jodne se battery ka voltage badhta hai.
Parallel me cells jodne se capacity aur current dene ki kshamta badhti hai.
13S ka matlab ho sakta hai 13 cell groups series me.
4P ka matlab ho sakta hai har group me 4 cells parallel me.
Battery ki sahi configuration jaanna BMS aur charger ke liye bahut zaroori hai.
Practical Tip:
Sirf battery ke bahar likhe naam par bharosa na karein. Repair se pehle uski configuration confirm karein.
Practical Checklist
Battery, Fuse/MCB, Controller aur Motor pehchanein.
Battery se controller tak power ka rasta pehchanein.
Key switch aur ignition wire pehchanein.
DC-DC converter pehchanein.
Battery aur charger ka voltage match karein.
Safety First
EV battery me khatarnak DC voltage aur bahut zyada short-circuit current ho sakta hai. Khule terminals ko short na karein aur insulated tools use karein.
Module Complete?
Checklist complete karne ke baad next module par move karein.
Training information is for general diagnostic learning. Always follow the vehicle and component manufacturer's specifications.